ASTM 2004 -Volume 02.05 Metallic and Inorganic Coatings; Metal Powders, Sintered

xuanquy

ASTM 2004 -Volume 02.05 Metallic and Inorganic Coatings; Metal Powders, Sintered P-M Structural Parts
B0136-84R03 Method for Measurement of Stain Resistance of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum
4 g( _! D5 Y# L! E3 ~, ?" PB0137-95R04 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Mass Per Unit Area on Anodically Coated Aluminum
B0177-01 Guide for Engineering Chromium Electroplating
1 {- `9 T  F. I5 fB0183-79R04E01 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
0 H' L; I1 J9 |4 \B0200-85R04 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Lead and Lead-Tin Alloys on Steel and Ferrous Alloys
* P; q) J3 N7 w" ?4 f2 ZB0201-80R04 Practice for Testing Chromate Coatings on Zinc and Cadmium Surfaces
B0212-99 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B0213-03 Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal Powders
# |4 A9 x% Y5 zB0214-99 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
B0215-04 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
4 w7 \, w4 ]5 H; O4 ^8 g5 v: eB0242-99R04E01 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
$ J/ m4 J) u5 X- HB0243-05 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B0244-97R02 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments
4 c! p$ u  |0 J8 SB0252-92R04 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
B0253-87R99E01 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating
. q& F3 ^& c- i- [- c$ {2 QB0254-92R04E01 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel
+ s& m% \: n8 E# _, B, j. Y: [$ @B0276-91R00 Test Method for Apparent Porosity in Cemented Carbides
, x! I" _. _) Y& b8 IB0281-88R01 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
! P* I8 B( P4 x3 OB0294-92R01 Test Method for Hardness Testing of Cemented Carbides
B0311-93R02E01 Test Method for Density Determination for Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
- z/ }0 f1 Y9 H6 C3 @4 P% U8 VB0312-96R02 Test Method for Green Strength for Compacted Metal Powder Specimens
+ J4 W/ f+ f& q) kB0319-91R04 Guide for Preparation of Lead and Lead Alloys for Electroplating
B0320-60R03E01 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electroplating
B0322-99R04 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
8 ~' B8 {6 ?! w, D6 P- H3 f, p% WB0328-96R03 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated Bearings
B0329-98R03E01 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
B0330-02 Test Method for Fisher Number of Metal Powders and Related Compounds
& c% q6 F3 q# C5 ~( bB0331-95R02 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
6 O2 u. f- X- L' t7 n) ^8 Y& d' lB0343-92AR04E01 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating with Nickel
B0368-97R03E01 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
B0374-96R03 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
3 G% E( l: A+ _6 D" qB0380-97R02 Test Method of Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure
B0390-92R00 Practice for Evaluating Apparent Grain Size and Distribution of Cemented Tungsten Carbides
' ^5 N7 ^& v3 O+ h( E& S, \: GB0406-96R00 Test Method for Transverse Rupture Strength of Cemented Carbides
B0417-00 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
B0430-97R01 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refractory Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Turbidimetry
B0438_B0438M-04 Specification for Sintered Bronze Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
  @8 C! O' j* {# lB0439-00E01 Specification for Iron-Base Sintered Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B0449-93R04 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
6 U" A2 W. o0 k6 N1 m" MB0456-03 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
B0457-67R03 Test Method for Measurement of Impedance of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum
B0480-88R01 Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating
  r( x$ p! w: f- IB0481-68R03E01 Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium Alloys for Electroplating
B0482-85R03 Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys for Electroplating
B0487-85R02 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section
) }% F% ^* q( Y  j, R9 h- n" }B0488-01 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
6 ~% t1 n6 p3 z7 U& TB0489-85R03 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals
5 j8 T# v& p% o* d" XB0490-92R03 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposits
1 b! |6 U- O5 G6 o3 N+ TB0499-96R02 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals
B0504-90R02 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
8 {( D5 [7 k' [/ wB0507-86R03 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated on Racks
# @: g# R0 U/ X3 A+ X# XB0527-93R00E01 Test Method for Determination of Tap Density of Metallic Powders and Compounds
B0528-99 Test Method for Transverse Rupture Strength of Metal Powder Specimens
B0530-02 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates
# o9 G9 _  n3 G/ {; S! s. f4 `B0532-85R02 Specification for Appearance of Electroplated Plastic Surfaces
, c0 b1 d, m# U) wB0533-85R04 Test Method for Peel Strength of Metal Electroplated Plastics
/ S) H4 d& K: S& x* [* e" f  B; xB0537-70R02 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected to Atmospheric Exposure
/ Q/ g, ^0 I1 q6 u" IB0545-97R04E01 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin
3 G, B" A& ]; j* Y6 ^5 B' w0 c3 w0 gB0555-86R02 Guide for Measurement of Electrodeposited Metallic Coating Thicknesses by the Dropping Test
3 m& N7 ~) Q  ^6 u5 xB0556-90R02 Guide for Measurement of Thin Chromium Coatings by Spot Test
B0558-79R03 Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
- q# v" d; l8 c' D1 WB0567-98R03 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method
0 b" {3 b  C9 z) q2 t, s7 MB0568-98R04 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry
B0571-97R03 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings
3 d0 c" _0 M$ ]" UB0578-87R04 Test Method for Microhardness of Electroplated Coatings
B0579-73R04 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin-Lead Alloy (Solder Plate)
B0580-79R04 Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum
. |+ t, v, i+ e+ X8 D' hB0588-88R01 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Transparent or Opaque Coatings by Double-Beam Interference Microscope Technique
2 ]0 F+ C! t# Z/ y3 KB0595-95R00 Specification for Sintered Aluminum Structural Parts
B0602-88R99 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
9 m, a4 ]) B. Z* ~; g7 y4 DB0604-91R03E01 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on Plastics
B0605-95AR04 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin-Nickel Alloy
B0607-91R03 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings for Engineering Use
. ]- ]; J( s! `  \1 y% `B0610-00E01 Test Method for Measuring Dimensional Changes of Metal Powder Specimens
) h, Z* i5 j9 s6 h$ U* ~B0611-85R00E01 Test Method for Abrasive Wear Resistance of Cemented Carbides
B0612-00 Specification for Iron Bronze Sintered Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B0629-77R03 Practice for Preparation of Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys for Electroplating
B0630-88R01 Practice for Preparation of Chromium for Electroplating with Chromium
& D& v- p, {8 eB0633-98E01 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
B0634-88R04E01 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Rhodium for Engineering Use
B0635-00R04E01 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium-Tin Mechanically Deposited
B0636-84R01 Test Method for Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer
& |* K& n. g1 DB0650-95R02 Specification for Electrodeposited Engineering Chromium Coatings on Ferrous Substrates
+ @2 n4 O! d. j# Z3 W0 yB0651-83R01 Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Sites in Nickel Plus Chromium or Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Electroplated Surfaces with Double-Beam Interference Microscope
) N: j, A; u) V( `- BB0657-92R00 Test Method for Metallographic Determination of Microstructure in Cemented Tungsten Carbides
6 Q% y) I4 B/ Y/ q9 u) {4 W, L8 R" w" cB0659-90R03 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
. X0 D! O% R5 LB0665-03 Guide for Metallographic Sample Preparation of Cemented Tungsten Carbides
B0678-86R01 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-Coated Products
) q. |9 G' [% m) gB0679-98R04E01 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
B0680-80R04 Test Method for Seal Quality of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum by Acid Dissolution
! s. n. A+ i* ~* wB0689-97R03 Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
B0695-04 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
! _7 M& w! d. y  C. n5 |B0696-00R04E01 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically Deposited
# X- z6 O3 f, y  g: Y. u" [2 l4 CB0697-88R99 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
B0699-86R03 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Vacuum-Deposited on Iron and Steel
) D8 b3 }1 i3 \. aB0700-97R02 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Silver for Engineering Use
B0703-94R99E01 Test Method for Apparent Density of Powders Using Arnold Meter
B0715-96R01 Specification for Sintered Copper Structural Parts for Electrical Conductivity Applications
2 X$ k5 Z. ~* Z, n# O2 m! G- jB0721 Test Method for Microhardness and Case Depth of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts
- O- r2 M+ R, x  [B0727-04 Practice for Preparation of Plastics Materials for Electroplating
# x6 k6 \3 X  O; I- AB0733-04 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
B0734-97R03E01 Specification for Electrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses
B0748-90R01 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope
9 i) C7 [& E; \  W9 MB0761-02E01 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
; c! b2 x# E6 C+ \3 ?1 BB0762-90R99 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
7 j8 _8 @$ k  X8 Z0 f, V+ oB0764-04 Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Electrode Potential Determination of Individual Layers in Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)
B0765-03 Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
B0766-86R03 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium
B0767-88R01 Guide for Determining Mass Per Unit Area of Electrodeposited and Related Coatings by Gravimetric and Other Chemical Analysis Procedures
$ ^" ~8 E" A5 ]1 X- W6 b; `( FB0771-87R01 Test Method for Short Rod Fracture Toughness of Cemented Carbides
B0782-00 Specification for Iron Graphite Sintered Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B0783-04 Specification for Materials for Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Structural Parts
( {/ I: w; V% m) ^0 s. NB0795-93R02E01 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Alloyed or Unalloyed Iron Contamination Present in Powder Forged (P/F) Steel Parts
# [2 }3 M; T, E. FB0796-02 Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of Powders Intended for Powder Forging (P/F) Applications
B0797-93R02E01 Test Method for Surface Finger Oxide Penetration Depth and Presence of Interparticle Oxide Networks in Powder Forged (P/F) Steel Parts
B0809-95R03 Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor (|P`Flowers-of-Sulfur|P')
B0816-00R04E01 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium-Zinc Mechanically Deposited
B0817-03 Specification for Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Titanium Alloy Structural Components
B0821-02 Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
B0822-02 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
3 C& l( q$ P9 LB0823-01 Specification for Materials for Nonferrous Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Structural PartsB0832-93R03 Guide for Electroforming with Nickel and Copper
3 ]8 r2 c7 \3 e$ {# eB0839-04 Test Method for Residual Embrittlement in Metallic Coated, Externally Threaded Articles, Fasteners, and Rod\MInclined Wedge Method
B0840-99R04 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc Cobalt Alloy Deposits
& v9 |- j! o% Y2 M+ p/ _+ lB0841-99R04 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc Nickel Alloy Deposits
B0842-99 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc Iron Alloy Deposits
0 Q/ a! k3 d- B% o  L; RB0848-01 Specification for Powder Forged (P/F) Ferrous Structural Parts
B0849-02 Specification for Pre-Treatments of Iron or Steel for Reducing Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement
6 m4 F" Z0 w! O' r5 [0 V1 y5 A7 G4 ?B0850-98R04 Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Reducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement
9 V) l+ Z& f( |, M! E& Q; \B0851-04 Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
B0853-02 Specification for Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Boron Stainless Steel Structural Components
B0855-94R99E01 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using Arnold Meter and Hall Funnel
B0859-03 Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
' r% |" ?- P1 o2 c3 j4 B' gB0866-95R03 Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by Polysulfide Immersion
B0867-95R03 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
. ]- J4 G- i0 O2 n# t% ]B0873-01 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B\t329, and B\t417
B0874-96R03 Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
' O; Y8 n" a* C2 l# Y' xB0875-96R03 Specification for Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
! T7 ]  a) g3 S: FB0877-96R03 Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by the Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA) Method
# P; Y0 h  y3 ?9 ]8 b4 X9 DB0879-97R03E01 Practice for Applying Non-Electrolytic Conversion Coatings on Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
B0883-97 Specification for Metal Injection Molding (MIM), Ferrous Structural Parts
, t& h* R6 W4 {B0886-03 Test Method for Determination of Magnetic Saturation (Ms) of Cemented Carbides
) L6 t% p* P5 Y4 c$ }B0887-03 Test Method for Determination of Coercivity (Hcs) of Cemented Carbides
B0890-02 Test Method for Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
# v& T& T5 E6 R+ a& |) Z6 l0 pB0893-98R03 Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
B0895-99 Test Methods for Evaluating the Corrosion Resistance of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Stainless Steel Parts/Specimens by Immersion in a Sodium Chloride Solution
9 ?- f1 e! F& Y' pB0904-00R04 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
B0905-00 Test Methods for Assessing the Adhesion of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings by the Mechanized Tape Test
B0912-02 Specification for Passivation of Stainless Steels Using Electropolishing
7 P. F: S& R) g9 t. C( b+ RB0915-01 Test Method for Measuring the Static Heat Resistance of a Self-Cleaning Oven Coating
( I8 Q5 W2 g, m" A1 }0 C- ^& }B0916-01 Test Method for Adherence of Porcelain Enamel Coatings to Sheet Metal
* I! _7 [5 A4 pB0921-02 Specification for Non-hexavalent Chromium Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
B0922-02 Test Method for Metal Powder Specific Surface Area by Physical Adsorption
B0923-02 Test Method for Metal Powder Skeletal Density by Helium or Nitrogen Pycnometry
B0925-03 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Test Specimens
" w2 o/ v2 A7 m* ?% S; z7 [B0930-03 Test Method for Rating Grain Size and Frequency of Abnormally Large Grains in Cemented Tungsten Carbides (Hardmetals)
: z9 ~9 \0 g5 s- F2 h$ w; _B0931-03 Test Method for Metallographically Estimating the Observed Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts
( ~9 O0 C2 Z: M# \5 J9 L9 l  X/ gB0933-04 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Materials
/ o" W  ~4 j0 r' l: z' }# |, }B0934-04A Test Method for Effective Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts Using Microindentation Hardness Measurements
. F6 M' l8 L$ [$ F; O1 {C0282-99 Test Method for Acid Resistance of Porcelain Enamels (Citric Acid Spot Test)
& u! O* l: h( D6 [; l3 ZC0283-97R02 Test Methods for Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Utensils to Boiling Acid
7 z' v6 N0 _3 T0 ]$ y/ x, ^C0285-88R99 Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel
8 h, |% n! y: A% CC0286-99R04 Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
C0346-87R04E01 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials
# k' f" Y7 P: x- \+ iC0374-70R04E01 Test Methods for Fusion Flow of Porcelain Enamel Frits (Flow-Button Methods)
C0375-58R99 Classification of Water Used in Milling of Porcelain Enamel
; z$ Y/ N5 u) P8 F+ IC0385-58R04E01 Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Porcelain-Enameled Utensils
C0448-88R99 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
  i9 \5 e- J8 uC0536-83R04E01 Test Method for Continuity of Coatings in Glassed Steel Equipment by Electrical Testing
C0537-87R04E01 Test Method for Reliability of Glass Coatings on Glassed Steel Reaction Equipment by High Voltage
C0538-83R04E01 Test Method for Color Retention of Red, Orange, and Yellow Porcelain Enamels
C0539-84R00 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method
9 u2 F0 y+ S9 t3 {0 f% t2 |C0614-74R99 Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
6 I* l4 C2 _7 g. I' G5 bC0632-88R00 Test Method for Reboiling Tendency of Sheet Steel for Porcelain Enameling
8 U5 x! K/ ]. ]C0633-01 Test Method for Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings
C0660-81R99 Practices for Production and Preparation of Gray Iron Castings for Porcelain Enameling
0 e( |% d( f4 M$ M" v9 }C0664-87R99 Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating
: P$ z* q# L9 [) T1 S  m% ?5 FC0694-90AR00 Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution
C0703-72R99 Test Methods for Spalling Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Aluminum
$ D' c; T5 g0 aC0715-90R00 Test Method for Nickel on Steel for Porcelain Enameling by Photometric Analysis
: k- R8 d( s/ U* R. R3 E4 rC0743-87R04E01 Test Method for Continuity of Porcelain Enamel Coatings
- l9 a0 s* l' \, ^6 ?* AC0756-87R99 Test Method for Cleanability of Surface Finishes
! O" D/ ?% |9 a3 MC0774-88R00 Test Method for Yield Strength of Enameling Steels After Straining and Firing
8 J, O, V# Z* T3 d7 l9 ZC0810-90R00 Test Method for Nickel on Steel for Porcelain Enameling by X-Ray Emission Spectrometry
1 R0 B. P" N+ m" Q% j/ CC0839-82R99 Test Method for Compressive Stress of Porcelain Enamels by Loaded-Beam Method
C0872-89R99 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces
D1730-03 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D1731-03 Practices for Preparation of Hot-Dip Aluminum Surfaces for Painting
D1732-03 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Surfaces for Painting
( e, [1 b, M( X% Y7 p+ F( [2 WE0159-00 Test Method for Hydrogen Loss of Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders
E0194-99 Test Method for Acid-Insoluble Content of Copper and Iron Powders
  }: d2 w& a8 Z* H6 EE1338-97R03 Guide for Identification of Metals and Alloys in Computerized Material Property Databases
9 Z- b& s' n0 D) l0 F